Puerto Rico’s water system is a network of aquifers, reservoirs, and aging infrastructure, all strained by a combination of prolonged dry spells, hurricanes, and a fragmented governance structure. In the wake of Hurricane Maria in 2017, water delivery shut down in many municipalities, exposing the fragility of supply chains that had been underperforming for years. The crisis escalated when a 2019 drought cut reservoir levels to record lows, forcing municipal water agencies to ration usage and turn to emergency desalination projects.
These events converged to create a perfect storm. Residents faced daily water restrictions, businesses struggled to operate, and the state’s response was hampered by bureaucratic inertia and limited funding. Yet, amid the turmoil, new collaborations emerged—between local NGOs, international aid groups, and the private sector—each bringing different resources to the table. The result was a complex tapestry of short‑term fixes and long‑term strategies, offering a rich case study for those seeking sustainable solutions elsewhere.